Related Papers
Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Bone marrow stromal cells inhibit mast cell function via a COX2-dependent mechanism
2011 •
Eva Mezey
InTech eBooks
The Therapeutic Potential of Stimulating Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilization
2012 •
Christian Drapeau
Circulation Research
Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration
2002 •
D. Orlic
Stem cells are being investigated for their potential use in regenerative medicine. A series of remarkable studies suggested that adult stem cells undergo novel patterns of development by a process referred to as transdifferentiation or plasticity. These observations fueled an exciting period of discovery and high expectations followed by controversy that emerged from data suggesting cell-cell fusion as an alternate interpretation for transdifferentiation. However, data supporting stem cell plasticity are extensive and cannot be easily dismissed. Myocardial regeneration is perhaps the most widely studied and debated example of stem cell plasticity. Early reports from animal and clinical investigations disagree on the extent of myocardial renewal in adults, but evidence indicates that cardiomyocytes are generated in what was previously considered a postmitotic organ. On the basis of postmortem microscopic analysis, it is proposed that renewal is achieved by stem cells that infiltrate normal and infarcted myocardium. To further understand the role of stem cells in regeneration, it is incumbent on us to develop instrumentation and technologies to monitor myocardial repair over time in large animal models. This may be achieved by tracking labeled stem cells as they migrate into myocardial infarctions. In addition, we must begin to identify the environmental cues that are needed for stem cell trafficking and we must define the genetic and cellular mechanisms that initiate transdifferentiation. Only then will we be able to regulate this process and begin to realize the full potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Neural Stem Cells
On the Origin of Newly Made Neural Cells in the Adult Organism: Does Transdifferentiation Occur?
2004 •
Eva Mezey
Journal of Molecular Medicine
Modulation of bone marrow stromal cell functions in infectious diseases by toll-like receptor ligands
2010 •
Eva Mezey
Stem Cells International
Evidence for Bone Marrow Adult Stem Cell Plasticity: Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, Negative Aspects, and Clinical Applications of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transdifferentiation
2013 •
Roberto Ria
In contrast to the pluripotentembryonic stem cells(ESCs) which are able to give rise to all cell types of the body, mammalianadult stem cells(ASCs) appeared to be more limited in their differentiation potential and to be committed to their tissue of origin. Recently, surprising new findings have contradicted central dogmas of commitment of ASCs by showing their plasticity to differentiate across tissue lineage boundaries, irrespective of classical germ layer designations. The present paper supports the plasticity of thebone marrow stem cells(BMSCs), bringing the most striking and the latest evidences of the transdifferentiation properties of thebone marrow hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells(BMHSCs, and BMMSCs), the two BM populations of ASCs better characterized. In addition, we report the possible mechanisms that may explain these events, outlining the clinical importance of these phenomena and the relative problems.
Blood
Emerging roles for multipotent, bone marrow–derived stromal cells in host defense
2012 •
Robert Deans
Multipotent, bone marrow–derived stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]), are culture-expanded, nonhematopoietic cells with immunomodulatory effects currently being investigated as novel cellular therapy to prevent and to treat clinical disease associated with aberrant immune response. Emerging preclinical studies suggest that BMSCs may protect against infectious challenge either by direct effects on the pathogen or through indirect effects on the host. BMSCs may reduce pathogen burden by inhibiting growth through soluble factors or by enhancing immune cell antimicrobial function. In the host, BMSCs may attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine induction, reduce pro-inflammatory cell migration into sites of injury and infection, and induce immunoregulatory soluble and cellular factors to preserve organ function. These preclinical studies provide provocative hints into the direction MSC therapeutics may take in the future. Notably, BMSCs appear to f...
From Bench Top to Bedside: Formation of Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells by Maintenance Cells and Healing Cells
Henry E Young, PhD
Pulmonary disease is a source of serous morbidity and mortality. Cell treatments offer hope for rejuvenation and repair of damaged lungs. The possibility of using maintenance cells and/or healing cells to repair damaged lungs has been studied for nearly two decades. This paper reviews pertinent research investigating the different models and approaches that have been studied concerning the use of donor-derived cells to increase alveolar stem cells in damaged lungs.
Adult Stem Cell therApy for ACute renAl fAilure: the hope Beyond the hype
CHU-LIN CHOU
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a complication that occurs frequently in hospitalized patients, and ARF has 50-80% mortality in spite of major advances in intensive care and renal replacement therapy. Stem cells are generally defined as clonogenic cells that are capable of both self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Many experimental animal studies have also showed that cell therapy [bone marrow cells (BMCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)] might have the potential to rescue animals from organ injuries. Several recent works have demonstrated that repopulation of damaged renal tubules after ARF occurs primarily due to proliferation of surviving tubular epithelial cells and putative renal-specific stem cells, with some contribution of paracrine factors from bone marrow-derived MSCs. When BMCs or HSCs are injected into rodents subjected to ischemic or toxin-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the results with regard to whether they could rescue rodents from ATN are inconsistent. The reasons for the conflicting results of BMC and HSC therapy in ATN are unknown, but they may be due to the different types of cells injected, the number of cells injected, the route of injection, or the injury model of acute renal failure. However, MSCs can contribute to renal tubular regeneration after ATN even though the exact mechanism, either transdifferentiation or effects of paracrine/cytokines (mitogenic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic effects), is uncertain. In the future, the most compelling issue is to determine exactly how MSCs protect the renal tubule from injury, and then to imitate this protective or reparative effect pharmacologically. (Acta Nephrologica 2009; 23: 61-76)
Nature Medicine
A new role of substance P as an injury-inducible messenger for mobilization of CD29+ stromal-like cells
2009 •
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